Saturday, November 15, 2008

Growing Wise – The Travels of Lemuel Gulliver

Jonathan Swift’s “Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of several Ships” or just “Gulliver’s Travels” as most of us know it was published in 1726 and since then it has never been out of print. And there’s a good reason for this – the story is adventurous and fantastic, but at the same time it comments on complex topics such as politics, religion, modern society and universal morals. John Gay said in a 1726 letter to Swift that the novel "is universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery" and he was quite right. “Gulliver’s Travels” is largely regarded as a book for children or a parody of the "travellers' tales" literary sub-genre, sometimes viewed as a proto-science fiction, but it is also a strong satire on human nature.

In Part I the main character finds himself shipwrecked on the shore of a country inhabited by race of people one-twelfth the size of normal human beings. Being captured by the Lilliputians Gulliver is sent against their rival from time immemorial – the country of Blefuscu. Describing the Lilliput Emperor and his authority Swift intended to satirize the court of George I and the reasons for the endless war between the two fictional countries is an allegory of the relationship between England and France as well as the feud between Catholics and Protestants. Seems like things are not so different today and we can easily apply this satire to present day politics. Being Swift’s mouthpiece, Gulliver notices how trivial and petty are the reasons for the conflict between these small people. Gulliver observes this society from above, quite like God would scrutinize the world of men, and he can’t help himself but feel disdain for these tiny rulers driven by greed and pride. This is the first step Gulliver makes on his journey towards isolation and misanthropy.

Part II takes Gulliver in an upside down situation, where after being abandoned by his shipmates he turns out to be the small one, observed by the giants from Brobdingnag. The country is ruled by a just and reasonable King. Being bewildered by this state Gulliver describes the European way of government. As a result the King concludes that the Europeans are "the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth." In Brobdingnag gunpowder and all sorts of firearms are completely unknown, and after trying to introduce them to the King and his court Gulliver is expelled. The monarch wants to prevent the outsider from spreading the wickedness of civilization and the corruption of the European ways – a harsh criticism on expansion and colonial society.

After being attacked by pirates in Part III Gulliver is marooned somewhere near India, but rescued by the scientists of the flying island of Laputa. The flying island can be viewed as a metaphor for a closed society, out of touch from reality – the scientist are gathering all sorts of knowledge and still they seem to be unable to use them for any practical reasons. The device described simply as The Engine is possibly the first literary description in history of something resembling a computer. Laputa's method of throwing rocks at rebellious ground areas also seems the first time that aerial bombardment was conceived as a method of warfare. And quoting Michael Crichton: “Scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they didn't stop to think if they should”. This part of the book questions progress and the way science is used. Later on Gulliver has the chance to observe history from the source, when he encounters the ghosts of historical figures, and it is another chance for Swift to criticize politics: “Here I discovered the secret Causes of many great Events that have surprized the World, how a Whore can Govern the Back-stairs, the Back-stairs a Council, and the Council a Senate.”

In Part IV Captain Gulliver faces new challenges. Once again betrayed by his fellows, who start a mutiny and set off to become pirates, Lemuel’s voyage takes him to the land of Houyhnhnm (or "the perfection of nature" translated from their own language). The Houyhnhnm country is an upside down civilization, where a society of intelligent horses, who rules over primitive human beings (a bit like in Pierre Boulle’s “Planet of the Apes”). In a complete opposition to the highly-developed Laputa men here are mere beasts, driven by primal instincts. These deformed creatures are called “Yahoos”. Gulliver is repelled by the Yahoos and starts to admire the pure, almost utopian way of life of the Houyhnhnms. He adopts their habits and tries to emulate their behaviour, doubting his own human nature. After having seen the folly of mankind from so many different aspects Gulliver no longer wants to find his way back to England. But eventually the Houyhnhnms decide that Gulliver is different but still a Yahoo and a danger to their civilization and he is expelled.

Gulliver has grown wise. The character is transformed from an optimistic adventurer into a misanthropic outcast, who desires nothing but to spend his days isolated, away from the vices of his own kind. “Because in much wisdom is much grief, and increase of knowledge is increase of sorrow.” He now regards all men as “Yahoos” – much like Jonathan Swift himself. In a letter to the poet Alexander Pope concerning Gulliver's Travels, he wrote: "principally I hate and detest that animal called man." No wonder that the end of the novel we find Gulliver a recluse, remaining in his house, largely avoiding his family and his wife, and spending several hours a day speaking with the horses in his stables.

Term Paper on “True West” by Sam Shepard

(this is from 2 years ago, I had enrolled Drama Course at the uni and we were going through American playwrights)

I am playing the character Lee in Sam Shepard’s “True West”, and from my character’s point of view the world is like this.

They say they judge the book by its cover. I dunno. Never been into books. But if that’s true then imagine how they judge me – early 40s, haven’t seen a razor blade in a while, shabby, wholes on my shoes, stains on my jacket and dust all over me. Well, it kind’a happens when you live out in the desert. So when I appear on stage those stuck-up guys, who go to the theater and sit by the ladies in fancy dresses probably, say to themselves “Oh, and here’s the bad guy in the play”. Anyway, I couldn’t care less about their judgment. I’d like to see how they’ll manage if they were in my shoes. Here it is, Austin, that sweet lil brother of mine – I got dad’s bad teeth, he got all the rest. While I was trying to manage and get somewhere in life, he was chasin’ college girls. OK, he’s got that diploma, or maybe a couple of them, and I don’t. So what? Does that make him smarter than me? Yeah, and all of a sudden he’s got a wife and a house, and some kids… And all I’ve got is a fighting dog. A damn pit bull. And I lost even that. So people look at me and I know what they’re thinking. They think I’m a no-good scumbag, a looser. Well, maybe I’ll just give you all what you expect. I’ll be your bad guy. I’ll act like one. When I come to think of it, maybe that’s why I steal. Not that I can’t find some damn job or something and make some descent living here and there. But when people look at me I can feel their contempt. They don’t know me, they don’t have an idea what’s beneath, but they look down upon me, despise me. And in return I steal their damn TV sets. So here I am - walking around mom’s kitchen, finishing my six-pack, playin’ tough while I bullshit you with one of my desert stories. But it could be different. If I only had the chance.
And here it goes, this screenwriter, Shepard, or something, the guy who set me up in the shits in first place, now he finally decides to give me my chance. But he won’t do it for free, no sir. He needs his conflict in the play. So here I am – on the edge to beat the hell out’a my brother. You wanna know why? ‘Cause he got freakin’ jealous, the stupid bastard! The producer hooked on my story and dumped his. It wasn’t my fault! So many times I’ve wondered, what is it like to be Austin, to have a family, a home, a job… To be, you know, respected. When people look at you they greet you and they smile at you and stuff… Maybe that’s the reason I’m roaming the desert. No people there, just cactuses. And cactuses don’t have eyes where you can see yourself, what you’ve become. Yeah, maybe deep inside me I wanted to be like him, like Austin. Never showed that though. Too proud to do it. I pretend to like the way I live, but hey – who do I think I’m foolin’? And even if I do fool somebody, I can’t fool myself. I want it to be different. And here I am, just about to get on the right track, to get legit, to actually earn some good money… It was my chance to do something, you know… to leave a trace. I owned that chance to Austin, I admit that. And I don’t mind to split whatever money come out of this. I’m grateful and stuff… But it’s not enough for him. He just couldn’t bare that they want my story, the story he said was so flat and, what was that word, cliché? Yeah, they want my story, and not his professional crap. I kind’a understand why he feels so bad, cause you know, he does that for a living and here comes his twerp of a brother, the black sheep of the family and all of a sudden takes his place. Yeah, must be pretty hard for his ego. But he just went too far, he ruined my opportunity, he totally wasted the whole thing… And now we’re at showdown.

Already told you about Austin. If you wanna know about the other people in my life… Well, it ain’t a long story. Women, they come and go. All I have from them are a couple of phone numbers. What they have from me is even less. My dad… he’s not a bad man, but he has that bad habit with the drinking. It’s hard for me to be around him, ‘cause I hate to see him like this, miserable. I wanna take care of him, give him money or something, but… Let’s be fair – I can hardly deal with my own damn misery. I visit him once in a while, out there in the desert, I even make some plans about how next time when I visit I’ll do something more for him… But then I hit the road and it’s all the same every time. Or… Or maybe I hate to see him like this cause I feel that I’m looking at myself, of what I’m gonna be in twenty years – silly old crackpot, drunk and lonely in the middle of nowhere. Yeah, probably that’s it.
And my mom, well, she’s kind of… let’s say naïve. She still acts like me and Austin are the little boys that used to chase each other in the yard. Like she lives in some kind of a dream. I hate that crap, and I sometimes I even want to shake her and make her open her eyes, but… then when I come to think of it, I don’t really want her to see me like that. So maybe it’s better that way.
And this Saul Kipper… or Kimmer…whatever. He just popped up in the whole picture just some days ago. He seems like a nice guy. We played golf and stuff. One of those Hollywood guys, swims with the big fishes. But anyway, I’m not falling for all that. He may seem like your best friend, but all he chases is his own interests. These people usually make you feel confident, make you feel important, like you know, the talented screenwriter, the bright future, the top of the world… And then they suck you dry, chuck you and go for the next loot. That’s how they make their living. So I’m playing the naïve inexperienced guy with the hot story everybody wants so bad, but underneath I’m wide awake. Damn, this whole Hollywood shit, it’s not for me. I don’t really fit into this. I just wanna finish this, get my money and disappear. But who knows, maybe when I smell the big money, maybe then I’ll feel different about it and I’ll decide to stay. I think that’s what scares my brother Austin so much.

And the problems… Gee, where to start from? I can’t even formulate the problems in my life one by one. It’s like my life itself is a problem. I am a problem. The world is a problem. To begin with that when you’re 40-something there’s not much you can change about yourself and your way of life. Home, education, friends, connections, career… - if you have none at this point, forget about getting any. These are things you should begin thinking of much earlier, taking care bit by bit, to ensure your days, get prepared… And I missed most of these. I lived day by day, like the next week was somehow in the distant future. It’s like a freakin’ avalanche – rolls down the hill, getting bigger, and the more you’re running the bigger it gets and the closer it comes. Someday it will just sweep me over and that will be all. Some will say that not all is lost and I still have time to change the way things go. Maybe, I don’t know… But if so, then why can’t I put myself together and work it out of this? Probably cause I’m getting used to this. Like cigarettes. You promise to yourself “Tomorrow I’ll stop smoking!” Tomorrow comes, then you say “Hey, let’s finish the box and I’m leaving it all behind”, and the next day you buy another box, promising to yourself “This is the last one and then I leave them for good.” Call it a bad habit, call it a weak will, call it a lack of motivation… Maybe I need something to shake me up, to strike me as lightning and make me get serious and do something about it. Just like asthma or a sudden lung disease will make you quit smoking at once. All I need is to clench my fists and believe that I still can do something. But days pass and nothing happens, and when I look back and see all the wasted years, it just kills any hopes… It’s like “Tomorrow I’ll start all over again! A new man! … Yeah, righ…”. And just when you say to yourself that “Yeah, right”, what you need is someone to tap you on the shoulder and say “Why not? You can do it”, to give you a little bit of belief. But people don’t tap you on the shoulder and don’t encourage you. They look at you with contempt, killing the belief and the urge for change. And this makes you hate the people, and makes you proud that you are not one of them… They hate me, I hate them. But while deep inside myself I want to be one of those achievers, at the same time they don’t give a damn about me. Let’s face it - I’m in the middle of nothin’, I have nothin’… I am nothin’. Fuck it. At least I’m on my own and I don’t pull anyone else down with me. The only one that is screwed up is me, and I don’t matter, do I?

We do Scene 8 which takes place very early in the morning, before dawn, as usual - in mom’s kitchen. The whole play takes place there. It’s the usual stuff – fridge from the 60s, battered and with some magnet stickers to hang notes on them… Here, this note here’s from our mother, telling us when to water her flowers, which pots need more water... Poor mom, is she going to be devastated when she comes back and sees how her li’l gardeners took care of her plants. But that’s probably nothing compared to the house we turned into a pigsty. There were some leftovers in the fridge a few days ago, now there are only a couple of beers, unfinished twelve-pack. The rest of the pack is around – some cans on the table, some rolling on the floor… Stains on the carpet, stains on the hangings, stains on the covers, dirty dishes in the sink. And if you think this is a mess just wait till you see the fire in that bowl in middle of the room. The pages of my script one by one going to the flames... Ashes fly around… Guess that gives a whole new definition of “Hell’s Kitchen”, huh? And imagine me, a guy with a 9-iron golf club, smashing a freakin’ typewriter… I mean, just look at the picture, how insane is that? If you’ve never seen a guy on the edge take a look at me. No crickets this morning, just the sound of my hits on the stupid typewriter. And those damn cayotes yapping out there like they’ve gone mad. Shut up, you bastards, I’m the mad one around here… And I keep smashing the typewriter with the golf club. Not really a smart thing to do, considering all the noise at this early hour and all the neighbour around us, and especially that a stolen TV lies on the kitchen sink with a bunch of toasters, also stolen, to keep it company. But I don’t give a damn, I’m too drunk to care. Not a care in the world. And that bozo brother of mine is just sitting there polishing the stupid toasters…
I need a break. I need a sleep. I need fresh air… Bullshit. I need a woman. Yeah, that’s what I need. I need a woman to distract me from all the shit I’ve been through lately. To comfort me, to carry me away for a while… And I try to remember a woman I could call, I try to find a number… But all I get is that operator; the voice itself makes me sick. So I break down the god damn phone, off the wall and on the floor. And like nothing happened Austin here offers me a toast. Again! Ah, if I only could convince him, make him help me… If he only listens… All I want from him is to sit down on his butt for a couple of hours and help me with this screenplay. I just can’t write it on my own. What can I do to make him cooperate, huh? Oh, I know… So he wants to see what it is like on the other side, he wants to try it out in the desert. The fool, he couldn’t make it out there for more then a few days, then he’ll run away crying for his mom. But let him think he’ll get what he wants. He always gets what he wants, doesn’t he? So I’ll let him think it’s going to be his way. I promise him that if he writes the screenplay for me I’ll take him with me in the desert. And we have a deal. Or at least so he thinks. When he realizes that I’ve tricked him it will be already too late. I’ll have the script and it will be all over. He’ll probably get angry but what could he possibly do? Choke me to death? Ha!
At this point of the play according to me Lee is acting like a complete jerk. So does Austin, but that’s another issue. There is an opportunity, a huge opportunity, and for both of them. Big money are at hand. All they have to do is sit down, talk it over, and work together. But instead burying the tomahawk and settling their issues, the two act like some school boys. Neither of them is willing to say he’s sorry, neither of them is willing to settle down his pride a little bit… Instead it seems that they are driven by some almost masochistic self-destructive urge. It’s like some primal instinct that does not let them behave like brothers, but like two beasts caged together. After all the years of failures, they prefer to keep failing instead of join efforts. And that’s because if they work together each one of them will have to admit that the other has something he doesn’t. From my point of view it’s not so hard to leave the differences behind and try to do on, especially when you have such a promising opportunity lying ahead of you. Imagine the luck they’ve struck, imagine the money they’ll get, the life they could have. It’s a real waste!
I relate Sam Shepard’s “True West” to Tennessee Williams's play “A Streetcar Named Desire”. “True West” is generally about two brothers switching places. The younger brother, Austin, is the ambitious and decent Hollywood screenwriter, trying to break through, working on a very promissing script and talking over a potential deal with an important Hollywood producer. The older brother, Lee, is a no-good down-in-the-dumps thief. And the conflict in the play comes when the producer who was negotiating with Austen prefers to take on Lee’s story, considered by him to be a “true western”, but regarded as a flat cliché by Austin. Austin is irritated and growing furious, and his anger reflects Lee’s behaviour too. The two brothers are forced to face the alternative – what it would be like to be the other one. Both of them is at some point jealous and wants to have a piece of the other’s life. But they both don’t admit that because of pride and because of stubbornnes, leading them eventually to end up an a dead end situation, a grotesque parody of a wild west showdown.
And while “True West” is a more compact and manly play, a chamber modern western you can call it, “A Streetcar Named Desire” has more characters, including two complex female roles. The first one is a self-deluded ex-school teacher Blance DeBios. The other is her sister, Stella, dominated by her brutish husband Stanley Kowalsky. Blanche moves to her sister’s place, starts an affair with one of Stanley’s poker buddies, Mitch, pretending to be someone she is not. Infact she is suffering from escapism, alcoholism and nymphomania, especially after her homosexual husband who committed suicide. These factors combined with the trauma caused by Stanley when he rapes her easily turn into a mental breakdown and at the end she is dramatically sent to some hospital.
Though the two plays are quite different, I still think they have some common things. The particular connection is the similarities that I find between my character, Lee from “True West”, and Stanley Kowalsky from “A Steetcar Named Desire”. In my opinion they are quite similar, put in different circumstances, but in situations that resemble themselves in many things.
Let’s start with the phisical resemplance. The characters are both strong, tough men, well build, but baring the marks of everyday life, cause they both have hard lives – Lee is roaming the deserts, Stanley is working on construction sites. I imagine them like men you don’t want to mess around with, cause they can easily rough you up (and who can blame me? After all the characters were played by Marlon Brando as Stanley Kowalsky and Bruce Willis as Lee).
The situations they find themselves into are also alike. Both Lee and Stanley at some pont do something stupid. The one sets his screenplay on fire and smashes his brother’s typewriter. The other rapes his wife’s sister, Blanche. Both of them do that because of pride. Lee wants to show his brother some sort of misunderstood sence of independence, like he can cross out the opportunity to take his place at any given moment and continue with his usual life. He wants to say “See? I don’t need your job, I don’t need your screen plays, I don’t need your life! I can go on on my own and my own way and I’m happy with that”, although actually he is not. Stanley on the other hand, much in the same way, decieds to show Blanche that he can as well be the animal, the ape she says he is. And not to forget that both characters are at this point under the influence of alcohol.
The other similar thing between the characters of Lee and Stanley Kowalsky is that they are both forced to share a home with soeone they would rather be as far as possible. And they both have to deal with this other person, who irritates them, goes on their nerves and pushes them too far as play goes on. And if we look at them from this angle, even these persons are somehow similar – both Austin and Blanche fantasize, they both make up stories. The one for living, the other to mask her life. And that’s what annoys both Lee and Stanley – they are out there, struggling to survive, dealing with the real life, trying to survive. They just hate made up stories, how can someone live (or make his living) with fantasies while they are taking life’s hits and are trying to manage with strenght and brutal force.

The Ernest Hemingway Project

(and here goes another paper from my American Literature classes)

Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. But of course you know that. And you are probably familiar with the rest of his the important events in his biography, so let’s just stick to the highlights and the curious facts.
Instead of going to college after he graduated high-school Hemingway took his first steps towards his Pulitzer Prize (he received it in 1953 for “The Old Man and The Sea”) when he started working as a cub reporter for “The Kansas City Star”. It was there where young Hemingway got his main guidelines in writing and they greatly influenced the stile of his later works. Those guidelines were simple, but effective (just as Hemingway’s style as a matter of fact) - "Use short sentences. Use short first paragraphs. Use vigorous English. Be positive, not negative."
Along with writing and journalism Hemingway also had a strong passion for outdoor adventures and wild nature. And not only that – among the huge range of activities and interests in his life we find he following:
-Drugs – during the World War I he joined the Red Cross Ambulance Corps and served with the Italian Army after he failed the medical examination for the US Army due to poor vision. He got shot while driving the ambulance one day and that put him out of the driving seat and into the hospital.
-Smuggling – well, it was the Prohibition, alright? But instead of alcoholic drinks Hemingway was smuggling James Joyce’s “Ulysses” which was banned in the US since 1922.
-Traveling without a ticket – Ernest went to Europe as a war correspondent for Collier's magazine. There Hemingway observed the D-Day landings from an LCVP (landing craft), although he was not allowed to go ashore. Later at Villedieu-les-Poêles, he allegedly threw three grenades into a cellar where SS officers were hiding… Seems like Hemingway should have a cameo appearance in “Saving Private Ryan”!
-Women – four times married, not to mention the rest of his relationships. Seems like he changed the women more often than his socks.
Well, after all these “crimes” instead of getting into some troubles with the law he got a Nobel Prize in Literature, 1954. But to tell you the truth he REALLY did have some troubles with the law. In the paranoid post-WWII days due to his association (or should we say affection) with Cuba FBI’s counter-espionage and J. Edgar Hoover were suspecting Hemingway and kept an eye on him. By the way “For Whom the Bell Tolls” was written in Cuba in 1939, “The Old Man and The Sea” tells the story of a Cuban fisherman and was written in Cuba in 1951, and in “To Have and Have Not” Harry Morgan’s fishing boat runs contraband between Cuba and Florida.
Hemingway put an end to his life in 1961, after some serious psisical and psychological problems. No need for nasty details. The important thing is that nothing can put an end to his legacy and his works will remain everlasting. His huge influence is visible even in pop-culture and here are some of the most vivid examples:
Hemingway, played by Jay Underwood, was a recurring character in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. In one episode, set in Northern Italy in 1916, Hemingway the ambulance driver gives young Indy (Sean Patrick Flanery) advice about women -- only to discover that he and Indy are rivals for the heart of the same woman. (The episode shows Indy unwittingly influencing Hemingway's future writing, by reciting the Elizabethan poem, A Farewell to Arms by George Peele.) In another episode, set in Chicago in 1920, Hemingway the newspaper reporter helps Indy and a young Eliot Ness in their investigation of the murder of gangster James Colosimo.
“The Old Man and the Sea” (1999, the original French title is “Le Vieil Homme et la mer”) is a 1999 20-minute animated short directed by Aleksandr Petrov, based on the novel of the same name by Ernest Hemingway. Technically impressive, the film is made entirely in pastel oil paintings on glass, a technique mastered by only a handful of animators in the world. It took Aleksandr Petrov over two years, from March 1997 through April 1999, to paint each of the 29,000+ frames. The film won many awards, including the Academy Award for Animated Short Film.
"Mystery of the Hemingway Papers" is a television special of the famous Lupin III anime (or Japanese animation) series. The franchise is created by Kazuhiko Kato and follows the adventures of a gang of thieves led by Arsène Lupin III (the grandson of Arsène Lupin, the gentleman thief of Maurice Leblanc's series of detective novels). In this special episode Lupin heads to the mediterranean island of Colcaca in pursuit of a box said to contain a draft of Ernest Hemingway's final, unfinished novel which supposedly describes the author's last journey and his discovery of great riches.
Hemingway was featured in Warner Bros. Animation television shows of the 1990s. His first appearance was in a segment in the fourth season of Animaniacs titled "Papers for Papa". In this episode, Hemingway, trapped in writer's block, swears off of writing just as Yakko, Wakko and Dot show up with a shipment of office supplies. When Hemingway refuses to sign for the delivery, the Warners chase him around the world, during which they catch a swordfish, get in a bullfight, and climb Mount Everest.
“The Hemingway Hoax” is a short novel by science fiction writer Joe Haldeman. It weaves together a story of an attempt to produce a fake Ernest Hemingway manuscript with themes concerning time travel and parallel worlds. A shorter version of the book won both a Hugo award and a Nebula award for best novella in 1991 (for stories in 1990). I haven’t read it, but it surely sounds interesting.
And last but not least, the “HemingWay” restaurant here in Plovdiv – according to what the brochure says they offer salads and dishes cooked by Hemingway’s favourite recipies and the atmosphere represents his bohemian way of life. And there are some Hemingway volumes on the shelves around the restaurant.
Let’s begin our observation on Hemingway’s work with one of his short stories. “Hills Like White Elephants” published for the first time during the Roaring Twenties (1927 to be exact) in his collection of short stories “Men without Women”.
The action of the story takes place at a train station in the Ebro River valley of Spain,on a hot and dry day. The two main characters are a man (referred to only as "the American") and his younger female companion, whom he calls Jig. The American and Jig drink beer and a liquor called Anis del Toro while waiting for the train to Madrid. For most of the time the story is concentrated on their conversation.
I won’t pretend I understood the story the first time I read it. Given no background information anout the couple I had to make guesses (and some of the guesses were quite wild as you’ll see a few lines below) about the true nature of the topic they were discussing. It left me confused, like “OK, now what the hell was that all about?”. Some stories are cryptic, some stories are symbolic, and some are plain strange. But still, it seemed to me that there was something inthere I couldn’t quite catch. I felt that way because some words the two exchanged were obviously refering to intimate relationship between them and some operation that The American was trying to talk Jig into.
"It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig," the man said. "It's not really an operation at all."
The girl looked at the ground the table legs rested on.
"I know you wouldn't mind it, Jig. It's really not anything. It's just to let the air in."
The girl did not say anything.
"I'll go with you and I'll stay with you all the time. They just let the air in and then it's all perfectly natural."
"Then what will we do afterwards?"
"We'll be fine afterwards. Just like we were before."
"What makes you think so?"
"That's the only thing that bothers us. It's the only thing that's made us unhappy."
With all these “white elephants” I made some distant association with “pink elephants” and that “let the air in” was kind of like releasing the pressure on the brain via making a small whole on the skull… It’s called Trepanation (God, now I feel like I’ve seen way too many “E.R.” episodes). And so I got the feeling that Hemingway was refering to some mental disease or trauma of some kind.
But still, there was something else – all the time The American was elusive and sleeky… Like he was not interested in helping Jig, but tricking her into doing something against her will driven by her affection for him.
"Well," the man said, "if you don't want to you don't have to. I wouldn't have you do it if you didn't want to. But I know it's perfectly simple."
"And you really want to?"
"I think it's the best thing to do. But I don't want you to do it if you don't really want to."
"And if I do it you'll be happy and things will be like they were and you'll love me?"
He was trying to convince her to give up something. But what? All I needed was a clue to guide me. Otherwise my imagination could lead me God knows where. And the clue I found on the net was one single word enough to make it all clear – “abortion”. Ah, now I finally got it! I imagine you’ve had some fun reading my “brain damage” interpretation of Hemingway’s story. But who could blame me? That was my first encounter with “an iceberg”.
“If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. A good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action.”
Basically that’s Ernest Hemingway’s famous Iceberg Theory. (In this particular case I’d prefer if he had revealed a little bit more about Jig’s operation, but anyway –let’s move on!) The quote above is taken from “Death in the Afternoon” – Hemingway’s non-fiction book about the ceremony and traditions of Spanish bullfighting originally published in 1932.
For me personally bullfighting is somehow barbaric – teasing the bull and driving it crazy, then killing it in some show-off manner to please the crowd. What’s the point? I have to admit, I kinda like it when the bull takes over and the horn-mad animal chases (and sometimes kills) the bullfighter or/and some of the audience. Feels like the Nemesis of Nature – How do you feel now, you bastards? It’s not so enjoyable being chased around and stabbed, right? But in this book Hemingway speaks of the bullfighting with awe and deep respect, describing it as something deeply artistic. This is not really a surprise – he was that kind of person, enjoying hunting and confronting nature. And as we all know he was a big fan of Spain (even in “Hills Like White Elephants” the couple travels to Madrid, which as far as I know has no direct connection to the rest of the story and has nothing to do with the abortion Jig is going to have. Seems like Madrid is there like a kind of tribute, just for the sake of the Spanish setting of the story).
"The chances are that the first bullfight any spectator attends may not be a good one artistically; for that to happen there must be good bullfighters and good bulls; artistic bullfighters and poor bulls do not make interesting fights, for the bullfighter who has ability to do extraordinary things with the bull which are capable of producing the intensest degree of emotion in the spectator but will not attempt them with a bull which he cannot depend on to charge..."
Hemingway was fascinated with bullfighting (or “corrida de toros” as they call it in Spain) in 1925 when he was among the spectators at the Pamplona fiesta, later fictionalized in “The Sun Also Rises”. In a boxing match with friend and writer Morley Callaghan, Hemingway's lip was cut. Hemingway spit blood into Callahan's face and said: "The bullfighters do that when they are injured, it is how they show contempt." In his writings on Spain, he was influenced by the Spanish master Pío Baroja. When Hemingway won the Nobel Prize, he traveled to see Baroja, then on his death bed, specifically to tell him he thought Baroja deserved the prize more than he.
It is hard for me to compare Ernest Hemingway to any Bulgarian writer. Maybe I need to read more from him, or I’m not familiar enough with our own literature, or maybe we just don’t have our own Hemingway. I can’t think of some Bulgarian equivalent to Hemingway’s simple and minimalistic style of describing things and his plain and simple dialogue. And as strange as it may seem, I have decided to draw a parallel between Ernest Hemingway and H.G. Wells. What’s the common between Martians and Cuban fishermen, some may ask?
“I had rather be called a journalist than an artist.” H.G. Wells once said. His notable pseudo-documental style has influenced generations of Science Fiction writers (and not only them). The events seem realistic, more like “reported” rather than described in the manner of fiction. The stories taste more like diaries or news articles than fiction, and that’s what makes them so captivating and real. Wells described events throug the eyes of a single person in “War of the Worlds” and Hemingway does quite the same with Robert Jordan’s narative in “For Whom The Bell Tolls”. And this no-delay and quick-to-the-point writing is so typical for Hemingway also. The settings and the characters are merely sketched, without any detailed descriptions. What’s more important is the action, the story itself. Actually that’s the essence of Hemingway’s “Iceberg Theory”, which was a result of his journalist background. Both authors have their distinctive ways of driving the story forward.
H.G. Welles regarded the novel as a “vehicle of ideas”. And we could say the same about Ernest Hemingway’s novels. The difference comes in terms of topics and aims. For example Wells uses the fantastic and fatal events in “War of the Worlds” to discuss topics like the depths of human nature and the animal instincts that emerge when our life is threatened, but most of the time he goes global explored mankind’s arogance and slef-assurance, and using the opportunity to make some hars social commentary. Unlike him Hemingway seems to be more into man’s own self, his stories inward centered and dealing with personal experiences and relatinships, confronting fate and nature trying to overcome your fears and push your limits, and also touching topics like death and suicide.
And for finale, instead of some clishes about Hemingway’s greatness and legacy, here’s a little anecdote:
In a letter to Ezra Pound, Hemingway describes why bulls are better than literary critics: “Bulls don't run reviews. Bulls of 25 don't marry old women of 55 and expect to be invited to dinner. Bulls do not get you cited as co-respondent in Society divorce trials. Bulls don't borrow money. Bulls are edible after they have been killed.”

The Benjamin Franklin Project

(another one of my papers from the American Literature classes at the Uni)

Have you ever seen a Swiss army knife? One of those which include thousands of different gadgets, where you have a saw, a corkscrew, a compass… Well, Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790) was just like a Swiss army knife! The ultimate all-in-one guy – civil rights activist, diplomat, revolutionary, writer, printer, inventor, scientist, politician, musician… You name it, he’s got it! No wonder he’s all over the 100 dollar bills ;) No matter what I write about him it won’t be anything new and one page is way too little space for such a fascinating persona anyway… So I decided to give you some curious info instead of enlisting dates and well-known facts, taken right out of his biography.
Did you know that there’s a psychology term named after Benjamin Franklin? The so called “Ben Franklin Effect” - a person who has done someone a favor is more likely to do that person another favor than they would be if they had received a favor from that person. Similarly, one who harms another is more willing to harm them again than the victim is to retaliate. And I quote Franklin’s words - "He that has once done you a Kindness will be more ready to do you another, than he whom you yourself have obliged.”
Benjamin Franklin is famous for the historical kite and lightning experiment he did in June 1752. But did you know that he was not the first to perform it? Thomas-François Dalibard and De Lors conducted it at Marly-la-Ville in France a few weeks before Franklin's experiment. In his autobiography (written 1771-1788, first published 1790), Franklin clearly states that he performed this experiment after those in France, which occurred weeks before his own experiment, without his prior knowledge as of 1752. According to author Tom Tucker, Franklin never actually performed the famed kite experiment, but rather published his account of it as a hoax, possibly to endanger his detractors. And Discovery Channel’s Mythbusters tested the experiment themselves in one of the episodes ;)
Benjamin Franklin is not only part of the American history, but also a part from modern pop-culture – from cameo appearances like those in “The Simpsons” and LucasArt’s PC adventure “The Day of the Tentacle” to references in Hollywood blockbusters like “Back to the Future” and “National Treasure” (where the main characters trying to collect clues left by Franklin to discover a treasure that he supposedly hid. The character played by Nicolas Cage was named "Benjamin Franklin Gates").
In 1781 Benjamin Franklin wrote a letter to the Royal Academy of Brussels (or at least some sources say that it was Brussels, cause the exact name of the academy is never mentioned in that letter and it the one we have today is a transscription made by a friend of Franklin). Franklin, being a distinguished American scientist, was asked to contribute to an early volume of the Proceedings. He expressed his opinion of the new Kingdom by writing a paper on farts, Hank Greely comments: George Sassoon's comment on Franklin and farts prompted me to do some Internet research, which revealed the following fairly lengthy and discursive discoveries. Franklin did publish a humorous, satirical letter about farts, addressed to "the Royal Academy of *****" in about 1781. Presumably, it wasn't written for any real academy, but, in any event, he could not have done it for an Academy of the Kingdom of Belgium, because that kingdom would not come into being until 1831. His letter on farts can be found in a little book called “Fart Proudly”, which contains various satirical works by him. These include essays on subjects such as On Choosing a Mistress and Rules on Making Oneself Disagreeable.
Here are some selected lines from the letter:
“It is universally well known, That in digesting our common Food, there is created or produced in the Bowels of human Creatures, a great Quantity of Wind.
That the permitting this Air to escape and mix with the Atmosphere, is usually offensive to the Company, from the fetid Smell that accompanies it.
That all well-bred People therefore, to avoid giving such Offence, forcibly restrain the Efforts of Nature to discharge that Wind.
That so retain’d contrary to Nature, it not only gives frequently great present Pain, but occasions future Diseases, such as habitual Cholics, Ruptures, Tympanies, &c. often destructive of the Constitution, & sometimes of Life itself.”
(Well, now, these paragraphs made me laugh for sure!) As you can see, it’s funny and quite witty. Reminds me of Aleko Konstantinov’s style and his “Bai Ganio”, in which the author describes his character’s rudeness, tactlessness and lack of discretion in a mild and polite way – almost like a delicate hint. But of course that is done on purpose – the reader immediately grasps the real nature of the situation and Bai Ganio’s abrupt attitude and the intelligent high-style of the story makes it sound even more taunting. The use of polite and exquisite tone to describe the farting phenomenon makes it all sound sarcastic and the word-play is fine example of Franklin’s clever remarks and original humor. Aleko Konstantinov on one hand was one of the people who helped the newly liberated Bulgaria to form its “гражданско общество” and gave some of the first examples of social criticism in his writings and feuilletons. And Benjamin Franklin on the other hand was known as one of the Founding Fathers, so his role for the forming of the American nation was quite similar to some degree.
And now let’s move on to a certain part of Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography that left me quite fascinated - the part where Franklin describes his way of seeking peace, harmony and moral perfection.
“It was about this time I conceiv'd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection. I wish'd to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other. But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I bad imagined. While my care was employ'd in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another; habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was sometimes too strong for reason. I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous, was not sufficient to prevent our slipping; and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct. For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method.
… I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time occurr'd to me as necessary or desirable, and annexed to each a short precept, which fully express'd the extent I gave to its meaning.
These names of virtues, with their precepts, were:
TEMPERANCE. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.
SILENCE. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.
ORDER. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.
RESOLUTION. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.
FRUGALITY. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing.
INDUSTRY. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.
SINCERITY. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.
JUSTICE. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.
MODERATION. Avoid extreams; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.
CLEANLINESS. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, cloaths, or habitation.
TRANQUILLITY. Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.
CHASTITY. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dulness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.
HUMILITY. Imitate Jesus and Socrates.
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues, I judg'd it would be well not to distract my attention by attempting the whole at once, but to fix it on one of them at a time; and, when I should be master of that, then to proceed to another, and so on, till I should have gone thro' the thirteen; …
…But, on the whole, tho' I never arrived at the perfection I had been so ambitious of obtaining, but fell far short of it, yet I was, by the endeavour, a better and a happier man than I otherwise should have been if I had not attempted it;”
And while nowadays some may find these virtues old-fashioned or too conservative, I still think that most of them should never go out of fashion. Benjamin Franklin’s determination towards better self is admirable. One could easily draw a parallel between his list and God’s Ten Commandments or some Buddhist teachings for example. Following your own ideology and principles, seeking balance and reaching for perfection – that gives you the satisfaction of knowing you live your life right. And as Franklin states it’s more or less a matter of habit – once you get used to follow the short list of simple rules you know you have become a better human being. And it’s not that hard, especially when you have a role model – “Imitate Jesus and Socrates” got me pretty impressed. I think that every one of us, and especially the children, needs some kind of a guiding light, a person or a character, whose example you can follow. “What would he do in a situation like that?” or “I shouldn’t do that, it’s not right – he would never do such a thing”. Jesus, Socrates, Superman or Obi-Wan Kenobi – it always helps when at hard times you have someone to look up to. Their simple guidelines and universal values help us form our own look at the world. Looks like Benjamin Franklin found his role models and the result is quite evident – today he can be your role model himself.
And finally I’d like to go through Franklin’s Articles of Belief and Religion. I think back in those days such an opinion was maybe too scandalous for some churches and I imagine that some religious figures criticized Franklin for these articles. But it is amazing how profound and open-minded his reasoning is – there is not a single trace of religious conservatism, let alone any fanatical beliefs. Just a few lines above he was imitating Jesus Christ and now he is speaking his mind, sharing with the reader his own interpretation on God. Through the lines we can see his intelligent point of view, maybe way ahead of his time – realizing that man is not an all-mighty conqueror of the world, but at the same time he’s not just some helpless pawn. Benjamin Franklin manages to find the perfect balance between the scientific and the religious. And not making any persistent claims about the true religion – for one of the main principles of Christianity is tolerance, is it not? I’ve always wondered where’s the tolerance in waging a war in God’s name or forcing others to abandon their legacy and traditions and accept your religion. Benjamin Franklin was a true Christian, following the principles of Christianity, but at the same time not being a slave of some dogmatic or radical views, constantly questioning the Universe and exploring the world around him with curiosity.
“I believe there is one Supreme most perfect Being, Author and Father of the Gods themselves.
For I believe that Man is not the most perfect Being but One, rather that as there are many Degrees of Beings his Inferiors, so there are many Degrees of Beings superior to him.
Also, when I stretch my Imagination thro' and beyond our System of Planets, beyond the visible fix'd Stars themselves, into that Space that is every Way infinite, and conceive it fill'd with Suns like ours, each with a Chorus of Worlds for ever moving round him, then this little Ball on which we move, seems, even in my narrow Imagination, to be almost Nothing, and my self less than nothing, and of no sort of Consequence.”
From all I’ve read so far, about and by Benjamin Franklin, I can conclude that he was one of those men who leave a bright trail in history (and by “bright trail” I don’t mean just electricity ;)), not only of their own nation, but the world. One couldn’t help but admire him. It seems like his knowledge and interests spread in every sphere of life. Speaking of literature his works are still popular nowadays, more than two centuries after his death; from witty articles and feuilletons to scientific works, from modest autobiography to open-minded articles on religion. He left us a legacy of wisdom and virtue, which no doubt will carry on with the next generations.
And as his epitaph, which he wrote himself, says
“Like the Cover of an old Book,
Its Contents torn out,
And stript of its Lettering and Gilding,
Lies here, Food for Worms.
But the Work shall not be wholly lost:
For it will, as he believ'd, appear once more,
In a new & more perfect Edition,
Corrected and amended”

The John Smith Project

(and here's something I had to submit last year on American Literature)

John Smith… Where to begin from? First of all, the real historical figure has little to do with the romanticized tall blond and charming adventurer from the Disney’s animated movie. One of the few images of this fellow is a portrait which appeared on a 1616 map of New England. Think of Robert De Niro’s character from “The Mission” and you’ll get the picture. He was born on January 9, 1580 in Willoughby, England and died in June 1931 at the age of 51. What REALLY happened between these two dates we can only guess, cause you see, this John Smith was like the British version of Baron Münchhausen. A boastful man who enjoyed telling stories about his own adventures, and even entitled his own autobiography published in 1630 “The True Travels, Adventures and Observations of Captain John Smith”. But it is quite difficult to separate fact from fiction.

After the death of his father, at the age of 16, he leaves his home – merely a boy with a sword in his hand, looking for a chance to make a fortune. Soon he became a mercenary and fought for King Henry IV of France against the Spaniards. Then he fought for the Habsburgs in Hungary. Then he fought for Radu Şerban in Wallachia. Then he fought for… ah, sorry – then he was wounded and captured by the Turks. Sold as a slave, captured the heart of a beautiful Turkish girl, escaped, killed some Turkish captains on his way back to Transylvania, where he was knighted (and probably wiped out some vampires, but was way too modest to mention that in his TRUE travels and adventures).

At the end of 1604 he returned to England. December 1606 he boarded a ship and became part of the famous expedition to colonize Virginia. During the months of sailing John earned himself a name of a notorious troublemaker. He was, among other things, charged with mutiny and Christopher Newport, the captain of the three ships of the expedition, was going to execute him as soon as they arrive in The New World. But the Virginia Company designated Smith to be one of the leaders of the new colony, and this saved his skin.

In December 1607, while seeking food along the Chickahominy River, Smith was captured and taken to meet the Chief of the Powhatans, Wahunsonacock, at Werowocomoco, the chief village of the Powhatan Confederacy (yeah, try reading these names aloud!). Smith was eventually released safe and sound and later attributed this in part to the chief's daughter, Pocahontas, who, according to Smith, threw herself across his body. An American legend was born.
In 1608, Pocahontas is said to have saved Smith a second time. Smith and some other colonists were invited to Werowocomoco by Chief Powhatan on friendly terms, but Pocahontas came to the hut where the English were staying and warned them that Powhatan was planning to kill them. Due to this warning, the English stayed on their guard, and the attack never came.
Here is a quotation from John Smith’s letter to Queen Anne:

“So it is, that some ten years ago being in Virginia, and taken prisoner by the power of Powhatan their chief King, I received from this great Salvage exceeding great courtesy, especially from his son Nantaquaus, the most manliest, comeliest, boldest spirit, I ever saw in a Salvage, and his sister Pocahontas, the Kings most dear and well-beloved daughter, being but a child of twelve or thirteen years of age, whose compassionate pitiful heart, of my desperate estate, gave me much cause to respect her: I being the first Christian this proud King and his grim attendants ever saw: and thus enthralled in their barbarous power, I cannot say I felt the least occasion of want that was in the power of those my mortal foes to prevent, notwithstanding all their threats. After some six weeks fatting amongst those Salvage courtiers, at the minute of my execution, she hazarded the beating out of her own brains to save mine; and not only that, but so prevailed with her father, that I was safely conducted to Jamestown: where I found about eight and thirty miserable poor and sick creatures, to keep possession of all those large territories of Virginia; such was the weakness of this poor commonwealth, as had the salvages not fed us, we directly had starved. And this relief, most gracious Queen, was commonly brought us by this Lady Pocahontas.
Notwithstanding all these passages, when inconstant fortune turned our peace to war, this tender virgin would still not spare to dare to visit us, and by her our jars have been oft appeased, and our wants still supplied; were it the policy of her father thus to employ her, or the ordinance of God thus to make her his instrument, or her extraordinary affection to our nation, I know not: but of this I am sure; when her father with the utmost of his policy and power, sought to surprise me, having but eighteen with me, the dark night could not affright her from coming through the irksome woods, and with watered eyes gave me intelligence, with her best advice to escape his fury; which had he known, he had surely slain her.”

Who knows, maybe it was all true, as he describes it. After all most of John Smith’s works are geographical and historical writings, no fiction there. But on the other hand he was renowned for exaggerating his stories.

By the way, in case you wonder what happened to Pocahontas – she married the tobacco breeder John Rolfe, and became Rebecca. Seems like she really was into cultural exchange, cause some years later they went to England. Some claim that John Smith’s letter was written in order to earn some respect for the Indian princess and make the Queen treat her with dignity. (And as you can see for yourself Smith was quite handy with the words – seems to me like he knew very well how to convince the Queen to accept his point of view and to get what he wants. On one hand he was writing to the Queen herself, so it was natural to be as polite and gentle as possible. But on the other hand he demonstrates quite a vocabulary and surprisingly good writing skills for a guy who spent most of his life as an adventurer) This version sounds probable to me, because the events described in the letter had happened some ten years before, and the date on the letter, 1616, coincide with the year of Pocahontas’ visit in England. March 1617, on her way back to the New World, the ship had only gone as far as Gravesend on the River Thames, when she unfortunately fell ill and died. The cause is likely London's smoky air, pneumonia or tuberculosis. Controversy also states that she might have died of smallpox.
But let’s get back to John Smith.

So far he had been a mercenary, a soldier, a slave, a sailor, an explorer, a conqueror. Now he was about to become an author. His first publication came out the same year. It was followed by nine more published until his death:
- A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Happened in Virginia (1608).
- A Map of Virginia (1612)
- The Proceedings of the English Colony in Virginia (1612)
- A Description of New England (1616)
- New England's Trials (1620, 1622)
- The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles (1624)
- An Accidence, or the Pathway to Experience Necessary for all Young Seamen (1626)
- A Sea Grammar (1627) - the first sailors' word book in English
- The True Travels, Adventures and Observations of Captain John Smith (1630)
- Advertisements for the Unexperienced Planters of New England, or Anywhere (1631)

Most of his writings were like the tourist guide books of the 17th century – John Smith was a great promoter of the New World and his words encouraged many settlers to follow his steps.

"Here every man may be master and owner of his owne labour and land...If he have nothing but his hands, he may...by industrie quickly grow rich."

Most of the time Smith’s writings are dry, describing basic details and listing facts. You could go for pages and read nothing but brief geographical notes of his journeys, directions, on what date where they were, what was the climate there and so on. And occasionally his encounters with the local Indian tribes.

“…wee fought also with fortie or fiftie of those: though some were hurt and some were slaine;”

But John Smith wasn’t trying to scare off the potential settlers, just on the contrary – as we said he was using every chance to advertise the possibilities of the New World. And you can often find lines in which he speaks of the limitless opportunities you can find in Virginia – like, Hey you, just take the first ship and come here! It’s all yours for the taking! Here’s another fine example:

“…Accomak, an excellent good harbor; good land; and no want of any thing, but industrious people;”

And if you think this sounds like a shameless TV add on the home-shopping channel just wait for the next quote:

“And here in Florida, Virginia, New-England, and Cannada, is more land than all the people in Christendome can manure, and yet more to spare than all the natives of those Countries can use and cultivate. The natives are only too happy to share: If this be not a reason sufficient to such tender consciences; for a copper kettle and a few toyes, as beads and hatchets, they will sell you a whole Country . . . the Massachusets have resigned theirs freely.”
This was a powerful add indeed and it attracted thousands of people to set off in search for “their own land”… which wasn’t exactly their, you know… But the local tribes were regarded mostly as beasts and pagan savages, and the newcomers felt like the rightful owners, ready to shoot on sight any Indian. And who could expect different? After all John Smith’s motto was “To live is to conquer”


And not only was he a conqueror of lands, but also a conqueror of hearts.

Seems like John Smith had a way with the ladies. Just like some James Bond of the Great Geographical Discoveries!

It is hard for me to compare John Smith to any other popular author, especially Bulgarian, since his works are not works of fiction, but a mixture of journals, geographical notes and historical chronicles. His publications somehow remind me of Daniel Defoe’s style in “Robinson Crusoe” – more of a diary, collection of travel notes, than the usual adventure novel we know (and love) today. Defoe is regarded by many as the father of the English novel. He had a considerable experience as a journalist and probably that helped him a great deal to add realistic atmosphere to his work. Just check out the full title of the book: “The Life and most Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner: who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an uninhabited Island on the coast of America, lying near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver'd by Pyrates. Written by Himself”. Don’t you find it similar to “The True Travels, Adventures and Observations of Captain John Smith… Written by Himself”? OK, we have no bloodthirsty cannibals here, but there are plenty of Indians itching to use their tomahawks on yours truly.

The only Bulgarian piece of literature I can think of is the so called “Fish Primer” (“Рибен Буквар”) by the famous educator Petar Beron, published for the first time in 1824. It was a textbook, named that way because of the picture of a whale on the front cover (yeah, yeah, I know the whal is not a fish but a mammal, but hey – it was 1824 after all, and back in those days there was no cable TV, let alone “Discovery Channel”, “Animal Planet” or “National Geographic”). The textbook has eight different sections. The first is the ABC Book with the Bulgarian alphabet. The second section contains Christian prayers. The third is called “Good advices” and lists 64 guidelines for a proper behavior and good attitude. The fourth section is quite similar, called “Clever advices” and uses some miniatures from Ancient Greece to give you a piece of wisdom. The fifth and the sixth sections are “Fables” and “Various stories”. The eighth is “Arithmetic”. What I find more or less similar to John Smiths works is the seventh section of the “Fish Primer”, which you might call an encyclopedia. It describes various animal species, not common for the Balkans (like camels, rhinos, crocodiles, dolphins, and of course the whale from the front cover) and gives information about different ingredients, spices, fruits and vegetables (like salt, coffee, tobacco and so on). Although it was written some two centuries after John Smith’s publications, it does basically the same – opens a window to a New World. Being a Bulgarian in the Ottoman Empire wasn’t exactly a dream life and the education opportunities were quite limited. Tobacco was quite common, but I guess not many people knew it came from America (or even where exactly this America is on the map). The style is also somehow similar – both Petar Beron and John Smith were trying to provide the reader with some general knowledge and give them an idea about foreign lands using their own (brief) words. Some of the things John Smith discovered with his own eyes the Bulgarian readers discovered two centuries later through Petar Beron’s “Fish Primer” – the first modern textbook in our national history.
And speaking of history John Smith surely left his trace in it. As he once said:

"History is the memory of time, the life of the dead and the happiness of the living."

And as you see, the man did his best to preserve the history he created himself.

The Impact of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde on Modern Pop-Culture

These have to submit two essays on Restoration Literature at the Uni on Monday. I picked the only two titles from the cospect I've read - "Robinson Crusoe" and "Gulliver's Travels". Just finished the second one. And as I was saving the file I browsed through my folders with Uni stuff and I found some old writings I decided to publish here :)



The Impact of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
on Modern Pop-Culture


There are novels considered to be timeless classics and yet, when you read them you need to be familiar with the specific historical events around their creation, the social enviroment and their author's biography. But there are also novels which remain timeless, readers all over the world can associate with their characters and find paralel beteween the fictional events and their everyday life. One of these timeless stories in Robert Lewis Stevenson's "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde"

A lot has been said and written about the themes and the symbols in the novel. That's why I want to draw your attention elsewhere - The Impact of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde on modern pop-culture. There are a great number of characters and stories, which can be connected to Stevenson's masterpiece. Some of them borrowing storytelling elemets, some of them directly inspired by or parodying the novel, and some following the same topics of dualism and dark nature and using them in a similar way. Not to mention that the words "secret identity" are now a key expression used for every superhero's alter-ego.

Let's begin with one of the most evident and famous inspirations. The character(s) of Jekyll and Hyde appear in Alan Moore's comic book, The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, and the film based on it. The bold and quite intersting idea of a team of crimefighters, quite much like the famus team-ups like Justice League, Legion of Superheroes and Teen Titans, but instead of comic book icons it brings together famous characters from classic literature, creating a unique crossover. The Victorian setting allowed Moore and O'Neill to insert "in-jokes" and cameos from many of the great works of Victorian fiction, while also making contemporary references and jibes, and also bear numerous steampunk influences. In the issues Hyde - stronger than ever, and with the Jekyll Persona buried in case it gets him killed - dies aiding the saving of earth from the Martians of The War of the Worlds. Curiously, neither are ever referred to by the names from the original book's title; Hyde is always called 'Hyde' or 'Edward' by other characters, but never 'Mr. Hyde'.

The Hulk sometimes referred to as The Incredible Hulk, is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in the Marvel Comics Universe. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the Hulk first appeared in 1962. He has since become one of Marvel Comics' most recognized superhero characters. His origin - After nuclear physicist Dr. Robert Bruce Banner was caught in the blast of a gamma bomb he created, he was transformed into the Hulk, a raging monstrosity. The character, both as Banner and the Hulk, is frequently pursued by the police or the armed forces, often as a result of the destruction he causes. the powerful and brutishly emotional alter ego of an emotionally repressed scientist who comes forth whenever he experiences extreme emotional stress like anger or terror, is an example of the Jekyll and Hyde motif. While the Hulk often proves vital to saving the day, seeking usually to protect, his terrifying nature drives Bruce Banner into isolation, much like Jekyll, fearing discovery.

Stevenson's book was also the inspiration behind Two-Face, a supervillain Bob Kane created in 1941 to battle Batman. An upstanding citizen and DA, Harvey Dent was horribly scarred and traumatized. This caused his formerly repressed Hyde to emerge. The two personalities come into direct conflict often and make decisions they are split on using the outside moderator of a flipped coin. Submerged in the underworld, it appears that the darker side of Dent finally replaced the better side.

Bane, another character from the DC Comics universe, a supervillain from the Batman series. Shrouded in mystery, Bane appeared in Gotham City assigned to eliminate Batman for crime boss Rupert Thorne. Besides being a man of great physical size and power, Bane's strength is augmented by "Venom," a Super Steroid that increases his strength, physical size and durability for limited periods of time. Much like Dr.Jekyll turns himself into Hyde. The Venom potion, injected in his organism is also his weakness - when the supply of the chemical is cut he goes back to normal and loses his powers.

Another comic book relation - Marvel Comics supervillain was named after and based on Mr Hyde. Calvin Zabo was born in Trenton, New Jersey. He was a morally abject but brilliant medical researcher who was fascinated by the effect of hormones on human physiology. One of his favorite stories was Stevenson's 1886 classic, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. He was convinced that the experiment in the story could actually be performed and obsessed with the idea of unleashing his full bestial nature in a superhuman form. However, he needed money to do this so he robbed his various employers systematically. Though too intelligent to be caught, the medical community was suspicious of his tendency to always be employed by organizations which were subsequently robbed.He was eventually successful in creating his formula, and turned into a huge, Hulk-like creature he called "Mister Hyde", named after the Mr. Hyde in the book. In this new form he found he had superhuman strength enabling him to crush cars and tear through steel as though it were made of cardboard.

There are many movie adaptations of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The very first film adaptation dates back in 1912. However they are all directly based on the novel, or exploit the famous character and put him into some cheesy B-movie horror flicks. Probably the movie with the most impressive cast is the 1942 version directed by Victor Fleming and starring Spencer Tracy, Ingrid Bergman, and Lana Turner. But I want to focus on similarities with other movies.

I find a paralel between Stevenson's character and the most iconic movie villain of all times, Darth Vader. Just like Dr. Jekyll, Anakin Skywalker has his alter-ego - Mr.Hyde are Darth Vader are both a fine alegory, depicting the evil that lies in each one of us and the downfall of those who let that evil take over their lives. Jekyll slowly loses his identity to Mr. Hyde. In EPISODE V The Empire Strikes Back Yoda tells Luke Skywalker "Anger, fear, aggression; the dark side of the Force are they. Easily they flow, quick to join you in a fight. If once you start down the dark path, forever will it dominate your destiny, consume you it will" - just like Jekyll, who once transformed into Hyde feel the urge to do it again and again untill finaly he loses control over the transformation and ends up as Hyde. After his fall to the Dark Side Anakin becomes Darth Vader, and in EPISODE IV A New Hope, Obi-Wan Kenobi describes his former padawan with the words "He more machine now than man; twisted and evil." and Stevenson's Hyde is described more as some kind of diabolical creature than a human being, a deformed and frightening grotesque, with ape-like movements, driven by rage and fury.

The character(s) of Jekyll and Hyde play a minor role in the film, Van Helsing, as well as a substantially larger role in the animated prequel Van Helsing: The London Assignment. Gathering together elements from cult gothic horror stories, Van Helsing encounters also Dracula, Frankenstein and Dr.Moreau.

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is often parodied in the Looney Tunes cartoons, such as "Dr. Jerkyll's Hide", "Hyde and Go Tweet", and "Hyde and Hare".

A R. L. Stine (called the Stephen King for children) book from the Ghoosebumps series, a young girl (named Heidi) moving to live with her reclusive uncle, only to discover he is the direct descendant of the original Dr Jekyll, and is carrying on his work.

In the movie The Pagemaster, starring Macaulay Culkin, Jekyll is shown transforming into Hyde and chases the kid and his friends in the world of literature.

Monday, November 10, 2008

Music #25



Filter - One (The X-Files: The Album)

Видео на което се кефех доста едно време като го хващах по някой от 4-те канала които хващахме. Досиетата-Х бяха мания, Мълдър - герой. Хубави времена :)

Thursday, November 06, 2008

Почина Майкъл Крайтън


(23 октомври 1942 – 4 ноември, 2008)

Напусна ни един голям писател и още по-голям човек.
Първото нещо, за което аз се сещам, когато чуя името Майкъл Крайтън е разбира се "Jurassic Park". През 2003 г. новооткрит динозавър е кръстен на името на Майкъл Крайтън - Crichtonsaurus bohlini. Но това, че възкреси динозаврите далеч не е единственото нещо с което ще го запомним.

Поклон


Официален сайт
Wikipedia
статия на НетИнфо

Wednesday, November 05, 2008

Books #1

Установих, че май си нямам рубрика за книжки... Може би, защото не обичам да пиша разни дълбокомислени критичноанализиращи неща (пък така и така от време на време ми се налага да пиша нещо подобно за университета) и явно съм сметнал, че няма смисъл да поствам заглавията на нещата, дето съм прочел и да напиша отдолу "Е та тва е егати яката книга!"... И да не остане някой с погрешното впечатление, че не чета друга литература освен програмата за телевизията - ето на! По-добре късно, от колкото никога.

Вчера се отбих към книжарницата, бях си набелязал няколко заглавия, и като горд притежател на десетки левове - напазарувах си топ 3.



Астрид Линдгрен - биография
Няма начин да пропусна! Най-най-любимата ми писателка на всички времена! Винаги ме е било яд, че не са издали всичко нейно на български (раздразнението ми така ексалира на моменти, че чак ми иде да науча шведски!), така че едва ли има нужда да ви обяснявам колко точно се зарадвах, когато видях, че ще пускат тази книга :)

за повечко инфо и поръчка: http://www.pe-bg.com/?cid=3&pid=28054




Динотопия - Пътуване към чандара

Estone Books, които преди няколко месеца пуснаха "Индиана Джоунс: ПЪЛЕН ПЪТЕВОДИТЕЛ" на DK, сега ме зарадваха с този прекрасен албум! Като отявлен диноман и фен на Динотопия в частност тези илюстрации ги бях търсил под дърво и камък, но уви - никъде в нета не успях да намеря цялата книга сканирана. Не съм и предполагал, че един ден ще си я имам на хартия и то на български!

инфо и поръчка: http://www.pe-bg.com/?cid=3&pid=28050




100 разказа от Рей Бредбъри
Мисля, че първия ми досег до Бредбъри беше преди доста години, когато по националната телевизия завъртяха сериала "Театърът на Рей Бредбъри". При все че не беше нещо с титаничен бюджет и умопомрачаваща визия, историите бяха... историите бяха...

инфо и поръчка: http://www.pe-bg.com/?cid=3&pid=27517

Между другото, при онлайн поръчка над 20 лева от "Пингвините" доставката е безплатна :)

А ето няколко неща, на които съм хвърлил око... може да взема да пиша писмо на Дядо Коледа!

http://www.pe-bg.com/?cid=3&pid=25797
http://www.pe-bg.com/?cid=3&pid=26551
http://www.pe-bg.com/?cid=3&pid=27522
http://www.pe-bg.com/?cid=3&pid=25536

Monday, November 03, 2008

Animation #21

Another DINO-toon is already here!
In case you're into cartoons or into dinosaurs, or (like me) into BOTH - the all-new DiC animated series DINO SQUAD

It's been a while since Dinosaucers, Extreme Dinosaurs, DinoRiders and Cadillacs and Dinosaurs, etc. so it was high time for something new to hit the screen!


official website: http://www.dinosquad.com/
wiki info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dino_Squad

The idea of a band of teens turning into dinosaurs is somehow absurd and the animation is not something remarkable, but still, I'll give it a try if I get my hands on the series.

Music #24 + Animation #20 + The Web #20

Well, well, wel... What do you know! Seems like pretty much everything has it's own Wiki today. Including THE AQUABATS!!

Just check it out - http://theaquabats.wikia.com/

I must say it's pretty well organized and full of treats for the fans. I got my hands on tracks I've never heard before - they haven't been released in any of their albums, but they are up for download (and YES, it's perfectly legal!). Here trey are:

17 additional rare Aquabats tracks!

But the cool things never end! Be sure to check out the Television section of the Aquabats Wiki!

The Aquabats! Supershow! - intro


The Aquabats! Supershow! - sneak preview

Saturday, November 01, 2008

Animation #19 + Comics #4

First promo trailer for the upcoming Rahan animated series (expected in 2009) by Xilam in vidéo!!

Don't know who Rahan is? Check out my previous entry about Rahan



I'ma big fan of the Rahan comics and I grew up with the old cartoon show. The animation here is cool, but I don't think that I like the comic sidekick and Rahan's cocky attitude. In the old cartoon he was a lonesome wonderer and even the last episode when he finally found love ended with him being alone again. Anyway I can't wait to see this new updated version of one of my favourite characters!

Here is some info from the English version of Rahan.org

Created by Roger Lecureux and Andre Cheret, Rahan is a comics caractere published in Pif Gadget Magazin for the first time, about 1969.

Rahan is a hero of more 180 stories, short (11 pages) or great (about 40 pages) all stories is now in 24 books (only in french version for the moment) more 3500 pages in total.

And now just to compare with the 80s series, here is the old opening with the Rahan theme song:



You can watch the first episode (in French) on YouTube:
part 1
part 2
part 3

Sunday, October 26, 2008

Animation #18


First of all let me say - I have no idea about the DEAD SPACE game and I'm not a fan of the game, but I am a hardcore animation fan and I follow pretty much everything that comes out. So when I got my hands on this one I was pretty excited - a brand new mature oriented animated feature!! And when I say mature oriented I mean that it has some swear words plus animated violence and blood, which we don't see every day, especially when it comes to western animation (cause if you're into anime you can't complain from the lack of these elements) "Dead Space: Downfall" is above average, but far from brilliant. And the reason for this is mainly the screenplay. The characters lack depth and emotional charge and the story itself is somehow ripping off key elements from John Carpenter's "The Thing" (the designs of the creatures...), Ridley Scott's "Alien" (the intro on the distant planet, the strong female lead, the ship sent by some corrupt institution we never really see...). There's nothing wrong in borrowing already tested classic elements, some fan-service is always welcome. The problem is that the story itself just fails to grab you. There's no background of the characters, too little information about the aim of their trip and the institution that sent them (some kind of a new religious organization... maybe it's the dystopian future when Scienthology rules the Earth?!? OMG!! I can hear Charlton Heston screaming "Damn you all to hell!", we'd prefer the rule of the Apes). The story lacks drama and suspense.

The voice cast is doing more or less OK, I guess that you can't expect them to put into their characters something that's not really there in the script and make them more interesting, so...

The music - during the movie I hardly noticed any music, but the ending credits were quite good I can say. And the use of "Twinkle, twinkle Little Star" is creepy for sure! The character design is very well done, nothing that will totally amaze you, but it fits perfectly well into the atmosphere of the movie. Everything from faces and expressions to clothes and hairstyles is neatly done.

The backgrounds are detailed and not in contrast with the coloring of the characters and the animated objects (unlyke some other animations where you can "feel" what moves and what doesn't just because the animated objects are colored differently). Even the CGI doesn't break the unity and doesn't feel out of place when it's there (mainly for the 3D models of the spaceships) The animation and the directing itself are quite good, well done boys! The perspectives and the camera angles are nice, the movements as well. It's a mixture of traditional western animation with some elements taken from the Japanese school (when it comes to the blood being splattered or the shrinking of the eye-irises for example).

I enjoyed the film, but I felt disappointed by the story. Maybe it was enough for a survival shooter game, but it wasn't enough for 75min. feature. The animation is stylish enough to accomplish more than that and with better writing it could be something of the class of "Heavy Metal" or "Titan A.E.". Still worth watching, though! Check it out if you have the chance.


Saturday, October 25, 2008

Bud Spencer & Terence Hill - Tribute Music Video

And this is something I did to celebrate my favourite actors :)
I hope you'll like it!



My Bud Spencer & Terence Hill Tribute Music Video
with special guest star Giuliano Gemma :)

Music: The Oceans - Movin' cruisin' ("Who Finds A Friend Finds A Treasure" Theme from the Original Soundtrack)

Featuring scenes from:

Chi trova un amico, trova un tesoro (1981) - Who Finds a Friend Finds a Treasure

Miami Supercops (1985) - Poliziotti della 8a strada, I

Non c'è due senza quattro (1984) - Double Trouble

Nati con la camicia (1983) - Go for It

Anche gli angeli mangiano fagioli (1973) - Even Angels Eat Beans

Music #23

And something that I found some time ago, but I think I forgot to share :)
Franco Micalizzi - The Trinity Theme LIVE!!



And you can get the lyrics here

Music #22

And browsing on YouTube I also found a Bud & Terence tribute band:
The SPENCER HILL MAGIC BAND





visit their website for more videos!

Bud Spencer and Terence Hill Interview

I found this on YouTube and decided to share :)
Bud Spencer and Terence Hill, the greatest guys ever, sharing some memories from the good old days!



part 2